This was made plain by Union human resource development (HRD) minister Prakash Javadekar, former minister of state for environment, forest and climate change, who replaced the controversial Smriti Irani in Shastri Bhavan (HQ of the HRD ministry) following a minor cabinet reshuffle by prime minister Narendra Modi on July 5. Addressing a press conference after a meeting of CABE (Central Advisory Board of Education) in Delhi on October 25, Javadekar announced that the BJP/NDA government will amend s.16 of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (aka RTE Act), 2009, which mandates no detention of children in elementary education (classes I-VIII), and reintroduce upper primary (class VIII) if not primary (class V), exams and detain children who fail them.
“The quality of education and learning outcomes in schools are deteriorating. It was agreed (by CABE) that the Central government should amend the RTE Act and give states freedom to review the no-detention policy. Therefore, the RTE Act will be amended to allow states to either retain the no-detention policy or scrap it,” said Javadekar, adding that only a few state governments — Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh — were in favour of retaining the no-detention provision of the Act.
In its report submitted to the HRD ministry on May 28, the Subramanian Committee Report (SCR) says: “At the upper primary stage, from class V-VIII for children between the ages of 11-14, the committee recommends that the system of detention of children who are below the requisite standard, should be reinstated. This will require a suitable amendment of s.30 (1) of the RTE Act.” Instead of accepting this sensible recommendation of the Subramanian Committee for the good of the country, the minister has ill-advisedly passed the buck on to state governments which have deeply politicised — and ruined — primary-secondary education.
At his October 25 press conference, Javadekar also made it clear that CABE and the HRD ministry are in favour of making the class X board exam compulsory for all students. The class X exam was made optional and replaced with the Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) system by a circular dated September 20, 2009 issued by Kapil Sibal, former HRD minister in the Congress-led UPA-II government, “to reduce examination stress” with students allowed to write their school’s — rather than board — class X exams.
Unsurprisingly, the circular was promptly implemented by CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) — the country’s largest pan-India school-leaving exams board (17,500 affiliated schools) — which is administered by the Union HRD ministry. However, the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) — India’s most admired board (see EW, June 2016 cover story) — and several state exam boards ignored it.
This back-and-forth tinkering with the examination system doesn’t impress experienced educationists. “Making examinations compulsory or optional won’t make much of a difference. The government needs to seriously invest in the education and professional development of teachers, improve teacher-pupil ratios and in-classroom teacher support. That’s the way forward,” says Poonam Batra, professor of education at Delhi University’s Central Institute of Education and member of the 2011 Supreme Court-appointed Justice J.S. Verma Commission constituted to probe teacher education countrywide.
Quite obviously the intent of the 29-month-old BJP/NDA government at the Centre which has rejected the main recommendation of the Subramanian Committee — to raise the annual outlay (Centre plus states) on education to 6 percent of GDP (see cover story) — is to pass the education reform buck to the states and cherry pick SCR recommendations which suit its ideological predilections. Restoration of the class X exam and introduction of a class VIII exam in BJP-ruled states are the first of them.
Swati Roy (Delhi)
Also read: Priorities of BJP/NDA Government 2.0