Kate Highfield
It is school holidays in Australia and, in many parts of the country, it’s also raining and bitterly cold. This means many children are stuck indoors and parents will be grappling with how much “screen time” their kids are having.
As as early childhood researcher and parent to a fouryear-old, this is a question I am asked a lot. How much screen time is too much? Should I be worried about how much my child is watching?
If I had magic powers, I would get rid of the concept of screen “time”. We need to be talking about screen quality instead.
Parents find it very tricky to stick to Guidelines
There are international and national guidelines around screen time, depending on the age of children. In Australia, no more than one hour of screen time per day is recommended for two- to five-year-olds. For five- to 17-year-olds not more than two hours of sedentary screen time per day (not including schoolwork) is prescribed.
But research indicates many Australian parents find it difficult to comply with current “time-based” regulations. The Royal Children’s Hospital 2021 child health poll found too much screen time was parents’ #1 health concern about their kids. More than 90 percent of surveyed parents said it was a “big” problem or “somewhat” a problem.
But the proposition that we need to focus on the “time” aspect is outdated. It only measures quantity and not the quality of what children are watching. This is not to suggest a free-for-all (sorry, kids!). Instead, we need to look at what our children are watching and how they are watching it.
Moving beyond ‘screen time’
Long-standing research highlights the importance of the first years of life, with clear links between children’s early childhood experiences and their subsequent mental and physical well-being.
We also know that play and physical activity are vital for development and so, if you are using screens, it should only be one part of a child’s life. But let’s consider the following scenarios:
• Jenny (aged 4) watches Spiderman with her older brother. She watches only for a few minutes but during this period she witnesses a dramatic fight scene.
• Bryce’s friend Lucas (aged 5) has moved interstate. Bryce regularly spends 20 minutes video chatting to Lucas. They talk about toys, play hide-and-seek, and occasionally send emojis.
• Leo (aged 6) and his aunt are watching Sing. They watch the movie for more than 60 minutes, singing along to the music. Leo talks actively about the characters for days after viewing, commenting that Meena (a character with stage fright) had to keep trying to be brave.
Each of these examples, among all those that occur in Australian homes every day, show different uses of “screens”. Yet, as researchers, we often put these in the same bucket, labelled “screen time”.
Researchers are looking at how kids can best use screens in our increasingly digital world. But we also need popular discussions to move beyond inflexible ideas that provoke parental guilt.
What does quality screen use look like?
There are two main strategies to focus on. The first is to engage with what your child is watching or playing.
Research describes this as “co-viewing” or “co-engaging”. This idea focuses on using children’s engagement with television and games as a chance to talk, promote language and build comprehension.
After or during viewing, parents could ask children to explain what they watched. For example, “Wow, you watched some PAW Patrol today, what were you noticing?” or “I see you’re loving Hey Duggee, which parts do you like?”.
This also gives us a chance to say if something doesn’t align with your values: “They fight a lot in Ninjago, it is better to talk about your problems than fight about them”. This also allows you to teach your kids to be critical about the media they watch.
You choose what your kids watch
The second strategy it to make active choices about what your kids watch. This means parents select content that supports learning and matches their values. This doesn’t mean every show has to be blatantly educational but there are a lot of programs out there that can help kids grow and develop valuable skills.
For example, in my house, Numberblocks has created an interest in early numeracy and Bluey promotes physically active play, emotional resilience and self-regulation. Dino Dana and Andy’s Dinosaur Adventures connect children to the prehistoric world, and of course Play School continues to be a favourite.
Other families report video games such as Mario Kart promote fine motor skills and teamwork. Of course, a dose of Peppa Pig or something else just for fun is okay sometimes, too, in the same way adult viewers might veg out with Bridgerton or James Bond movies. The message here is that parents and caregivers can make conscious choices about quality. This means that rather than just turn on the TV or iPad and walk away, we need to engage with what our kids are watching and playing.
Kate Highfield is senior lecturer, deputy head of school (ACT and regional NSW), Australian Catholic University
(This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license)