Dr. Chiranth R.

– Dr. Chiranth R. is an assistant professor in pediatrics at the Chandramma Dayananda Sagar Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bengaluru

When my two-year-old daughter has a cold infection, I use saline nasal drops. Her pediatrician recommended it. Is it likely to harm her in any way because of the high sodium content?

— Fiona Murray, Chennai

No. Saline nasal drops are safe for toddlers when used appropriately. The salt concentration is similar to that of body fluids and works locally in the nose to loosen mucus and relieve congestion. They don’t raise sodium levels in the body. Avoid excessive force while putting in the drops and use clean droppers to prevent contamination. It is a safe way to relieve congestion in youngest children.

My seven-year-old daughter complains of ear pain at night. I think it’s not very severe because she calms down soon and goes back to sleep. She also has a slight cold. Should I wait for it to heal naturally or consult a doctor?

— Deepika Poddar, Mumbai

Occasional ear pain during a cold infection may occur because of blocked eustachian tubes that connect the middle ear to the back of the throat and pressure changes, especially at night. However, persistent pain indicates an ear infection. If your daughter has a fever, reduced hearing, discharge from the ear, severe pain, or disturbed sleep for more than a day, a paediatric check-up is advisable. Adequate fluid intake, steam inhalation, and pain relief, as advised by a doctor, will help her feel better.

Recently, my two-year-old has started putting sand in his mouth. Does it indicate any deficiency? What are the dangers? How can I stop him? I’m worried as I don’t know how well his play school caregivers supervise him.

— Meera Vinay, Bengaluru

Eating non-food items such as sand are sometimes normal toddler curiosity. But persistent behaviour indicates pica, which is occasionally linked to iron or zinc deficiency. Sand ingestion can expose children to worms, stomach infections, chemicals, or choking hazards. If the habit is frequent, discuss it with your pediatrician, who is likely to advise a simple blood test to check for anemia or other deficiencies. Adult supervision, distraction with sensory play alternatives, and ensuring the child is not hungry during playtime reduce this behaviour.

My nine-year-old daughter loves to play football. We live in Mumbai and it’s often very hot and humid. Should I apply a cream to protect her skin from the sun?

— Sheetal Rinu, Mumbai

Absolutely. Outdoor sports are excellent for children’s physical and emotional health and well-being, and there is no reason to stop her from playing outdoors. But sun protection is important. Prolonged UV exposure can cause tanning, sunburn, dehydration, and long-term skin damage. Encourage her to play during cooler hours if possible, ensure good hydration, and apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) about 20 minutes before outdoor activity. A cap and light, breathable sportswear also helps.