Parents of neurodivergent children are obliged to navigate uncertainty, emotional strain, and conflicting information about symptoms and therapy

“Neurodiversity describes the idea that people experience and interact with the world around them in many different ways; there is no one ‘right’ way of thinking, learning, and behaving, and differences are not viewed as deficits. The word neurodiversity refers to the diversity of all people, but it is often used in the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as other neurological or developmental conditions such as ADHD or learning disabilities.” — Harvard Health

According to estimates (2021) by the World Health Organization, approximately 1 in 100 children globally is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. In India, research published in the Indian Journal of Pediatrics (2022) suggests that 10-15 percent of children experience some form of neurodevelopmental challenge. Yet early identification is delayed in most cases due to limited awareness and social stigma.

Mamata Sakar

Parents of neurodivergent children are obliged to navigate uncertainty, emotional strain, and conflicting information about symptoms and therapy. Neelabha De spoke with Mamata Sarkar, a neurodivergent instructor at Manovikas Kendra, Kolkata, about understanding neurodiversity, identifying early signs and ways and means to manage and enable neurodivergent children to realise their full potential.

“Parents need to be well informed about neurodiversity so they can recognise early signs, avoid misinformation, and get the right support for their child. Awareness will empower them to respond with patience and informed care, enabling their neurodiverse child to develop confidence and reach her full potential.

Early developmental indicators

Early signs of neurodiversity include reduced eye contact, delayed or absent speech, and lack of response to verbal cues. Preference for solitary play, emotional outbursts, and repetitive movements like hand flapping or rocking are also important signs. Parents need to be observant and report such conditions to a paediatrician or child development specialist for early diagnosis.

Early diagnosis is important because medical evidence consistently shows that early intervention — particularly before the age of six — significantly improves children’s communication, adaptive functioning, and emotions regulation skills.

Prevailing myths

A common myth about neurodiversity especially autism is that it’s a disease requiring a cure, whereas it is a neurodevelopmental condition. Another common assumption is that neurodivergent individuals are incapable of independence, despite numerous examples of neurodivergent adults leading autonomous and fulfilling lives with appropriate support.

In certain communities, autism is still associated with superstition or moral judgement, narratives that contribute to stigma. Such misconceptions often intensify parental anxiety and hinder timely access to support services.

Structured home environment

Predictability and routine have been identified as critical stabilising factors for neurodivergent children. Consistent daily schedules provide a sense of safety and reduce anxiety. Visual aids, including pictorial schedules, are commonly used to enable neurodivergent children to anticipate transitions and understand daily activities.

Calm home environments, gentle communication, and advance preparation for changes in routine — such as school routines, medical visits, or social gatherings — reduce distress significantly. Studies published in Autism Research (2019) indicate that structured routines and visual support are associated with lower stress levels and improved adaptive behaviour among autistic children.

Managing emotional overload

Episodes of emotional meltdowns are commonly triggered by sensory overload, unexpected changes, and communication difficulties. During such moments, calm and regulated responses from parents and caregivers are essential. Strategies recommended include removing/miminising environmental triggers, reducing noise and visual stimulation, and providing access to a quiet space.

Grounding techniques, including slow breathing exercises or guided counting, are also used to help children regain emotional control. Most important, when caregivers remain composed, the intensity and duration of distress are frequently reduced.

Educational & therapeutic support

Parents should research well before choosing a school/educational centre to ensure it provides educational and therapeutic support. While professional credentials — such as Rehabilitation Council of India certification — are important indicators of competence, equal emphasis should be placed on the overall therapy process adopted by the school/therapy centre. Choose institutions that focus on holistic development rather than academics.

It’s also helpful for parents to actively observe learning/therapy sessions, engage with professionals, and assess whether treatment aligns with their child’s emotional and developmental needs.

Parental well-being

Caring for a neurodivergent child imposes substantial emotional demands on parents and caregivers. Chronic stress and fatigue are common, making self-care an essential component of effective parenting. Build emotional resilience by engaging in personal interests, social interaction, and brief periods of rest. Also, don’t hesitate to solicit support from professionals, family members, peer networks. Emotionally supported parents are better positioned to provide consistent and compassionate care.

It’s normal for parents of neurodivergent children to worry about the future but remember, progress is most strongly associated with acceptance and realistic goal-setting. Every child’s development path is unique. With patience, informed guidance, and sustained belief, meaningful independence and personal fulfilment can be achieved.